Publications

Paul Kobialka, Andrea Pferscher, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Einar Broch Johnsen, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa. Automata Learning versus Process Mining: The Case for User Journeys. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2026. (10.1109/TSE.2026.3679253)

Paul Kobialka, Andrea Pferscher, Francesco Leofante, Erika Ábrahám, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa, Einar Broch Johnsen. Attribution-based Explanations for Markov Decision Processes. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2026, 2026, ijcai.org.

Einar Broch Johnsen, Eduard Kamburjan, Andrea Pferscher, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa. Formal Methods meet Digital Twins: Challenges and Opportunities. In Programming Languages and Systems - 35th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2026, Held as Part of the International Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2026, Turin, Italy, April 11-16, 2026, Proceedings, Part I, pages 1-12, 2026, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-032-22720-1_1)

Loes Kruger, Paul Kobialka, Andrea Pferscher, Einar Broch Johnsen, Sebastian Junges, Jurriaan Rot. Incremental Fingerprinting in an Open World. In 39th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium, CSF 2026, Lisbon, Portugal, (accepted), 2026, IEEE. (10.48550/arXiv.2601.21680)

Riccardo Sieve, Paul Kobialka, Andrea Pferscher, Nelly Bencomo, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa, Buster Salomon Rasmussen, Einar Broch Johnsen. A Self-Adaptive Digital Twin Architecture for Dynamic Resource Management. In 21st IEEE/ACM Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS@ICSE 2026, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (to be published), 2026, ACM. (https://ebjohnsen.org/publication/26-seams/26-seams.pdf)

Åsmund Aqissiaq Arild Kløvstada, Paul Kobialka, Riccardo Sieve, Andrea Pferscher, Laura Slaughter, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa, Einar Broch Johnsen. What-If Scenarios for the BedreFlyt Digital Twin. In Principles of Formal Quantitative Analysis - Essays Dedicated to Christel Baier on the Occasion of Her 60th Birthday, pages 360-381, 2025, Springer Nature Switzerland. (10.1007/978-3-031-97439-7_18)

Einar Broch Johnsen, Paul Kobialka, Andrea Pferscher, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa. Nudging Strategies for User Journeys: Take a Path on the Wild Side. In Real Time and Such - Essays Dedicated to Wang Yi to Celebrate His Scientific Career, volume 15230 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 42-63, 2025, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-031-73751-0_6)

Eduard Kamburjan, Laura A. Slaughter, Einar Broch Johnsen, Andrea Pferscher, Laura Weihl. Towards Self-Adaptive Data Management in Digital Twins for Biodiversity Monitoring. In 28th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2025 - Companion, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, October 5-10, 2025, pages 257-263, 2025, IEEE. (10.1109/MODELS-C68889.2025.00044)

Eduard Kamburjan, Andrea Pferscher, Rudolf Schlatte, Riccardo Sieve, Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa, and Einar Broch Johnsen. Semantic Reflection and Digital Twins: A Comprehensive Overview. In The Combined Power of Research, Education, and Dissemination - Essays Dedicated to Tiziana Margaria on the Occasion of Her 60th Birthday, volume 15240 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 129-145, 2025, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-031-73887-6_11)

Paul Kobialka, Andrea Pferscher, Gunnar R. Bergersen, Einar Broch Johnsen, and Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarif. Stochastic Games for User Journeys. In Formal Methods - 26th International Symposium, FM 2024, Milan, Italy, November 20-26, 2021, Proceeding, volume 14934 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 167-186, 2024, Springer Nature Switzerland. (10.1007/978-3-031-71177-0_12)

Martin Tappler, Andrea Pferscher, Bernhard K. Aichernig and Bettina Könighofer. Learning and Repair of Deep Reinforcement Learning Policies from Fuzz-Testing Data. In Proceedings of the 46th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2024, Lisbon, Portugal, April 14-20, 2024, pages 6:1-6:13, 2024, ACM. (10.1145/3597503.3623311)

Bernhard K. Aichernig, Sandra König, Cristinel Mateis, Andrea Pferscher, and Martin Tappler. Learning Minimal Automata with Recurrent Neural Networks. Software and Systems Modeling, 23 (3): 625-655, 2024. (10.1007/s10270-024-01160-6)

Andrea Pferscher. Automatenlernen für das Testen und die Analyse der Sicherheit in vernetzten Umgebungen. In Ausgezeichnete Informatikdissertationen 2023, volume D-24 of LNI, pages 221-230, 2023, GI. (10.18420/DISS2023-22)

Andrea Pferscher, Benjamin Wunderling, Bernhard K. Aichernig, and Edi Muškardin. Mining Digital Twins of a VPN Server. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Formal Methods and Digital Twins co-located with 25th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM 2023), Lübeck, Germany, March 06, 2023, volume 3507 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2023, CEUR-WS.org. (ceur-ws.org/Vol-3507)

Andrea Pferscher and Bernhard K. Aichernig. Fingerprinting and Analysis of Bluetooth devices with Automata Learning. Formal Methods in System Design, 61 (1): 36-62, 2022. (10.1007/s10703-023-00425-y)

Edi Muškardin, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Ingo Pill, Andrea Pferscher, and Martin Tappler. AALpy: an active automata learning library. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng., 18 (3): 417-426, 2022. (10.1007/s11334-022-00449-3)

Andrea Pferscher and Bernhard K. Aichernig. Stateful Black-Box Fuzzing of Bluetooth Devices Using Automata Learning. In NASA Formal Methods - 14th International Symposium, NFM 2022, Pasadena, CA, USA, May 24-27, 2022, Proceedings, volume 13260 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 373-392, 2022, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-031-06773-0_20)

Bernhard K. Aichernig, Sandra König, Cristinel Mateis, Andrea Pferscher, Dominik Schmidt, and Martin Tappler. Constrained Training of Recurrent Neural Networks for Automata Learning. In Software Engineering and Formal Methods - 20th International Conference, SEFM 2022, Berlin, Germany, September 26-30, 2022, Proceedings, volume 13550 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 155-172, 2022, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-031-17108-6_10)

Bernhard K. Aichernig, Edi Muškardin, and Andrea Pferscher. Active vs. Passive: A Comparison of Automata Learning Paradigms for Network Protocols. In Proceedings Fourth International Workshop on Formal Methods for Autonomous Systems (FMAS) and Fourth International Workshop on Automated and verifiable Software sYstem DEvelopment (ASYDE), FMAS/ASYDE@SEFM 2022, and Fourth International Workshop on Automated and verifiable Software sYstem DEvelopment (ASYDE)Berlin, Germany, 26th and 27th of September 2022, volume 371 of EPTCS, pages 1-19, 2022. (10.4204/EPTCS.371.1)

Edi Muškardin, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Ingo Pill,Andrea Pferscher, and Martin Tappler. AALpy: An Active Automata Learning Library. In Automated Technology for Verification an Analysis - 19th International Symposium, ATVA 2021, Gold Coast, QLD Australia, October 18-22, 2021, Proceedings, volume 12971 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 67-73, 2021, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-030-88885-5_5)

Andrea Pferscher, and Bernhard K. Aichernig. Fingerprinting Bluetooth Low Energy Devices via Active Automata Learning. In Formal Methods - 24th International Symposium, FM 2021, Virtual Event, November 20-26, 2021, Proceedings, volume 13047 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 524-542, 2021, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-030-90870-6_28)

Bernhard K. Aichernig, Edi Muškardin, and Andrea Pferscher. Learning-Based Fuzzing of IoT Message Brokers. In 14th IEEE Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation, ICST 2021, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, April 12-16, 2021, pages 47-58, 2021, IEEE. (10.1109/ICST49551.2021.00017)

Bernhard K. Aichernig, Andrea Pferscher, and Martin Tappler. From Passive to Active: Learning Timed Automata Efficiently. In NASA Formal Methods - 12th International Symposium, NFM 2020, Moffett Field, CA, USA, May 11-15, 2020, Proceedings, volume 12229 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 1-19, 2020, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-030-55754-6_1)

Andrea Pferscher, and Bernhard K. Aichernig. Learning Abstracted Non-deterministic Finite State Machines. In Testing Software and Systems - 32nd IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, ICTSS 2020, Naples, Italy, December 9-11, 2020, Proceedings, volume 12543 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 52-69, 2020, Springer. (10.1007/978-3-030-64881-7_4)